Treatment of Optic Neuritis

Mydriasis physiology Mydriasis refers to physiologic or pharmacologic pupillary dilation. Physiologic pupillary dilation occurs naturally as a response to low light and viewing objects in the distance. This process is mediated by both the iris sphincter and the iris dilator ...

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrially inherited optic nerve disease characterized by bilateral (sequential or simultaneous), subacute, painless central vision loss.1 LHON was first described in 1871 by the German ophthalmologist Theodor Leber.2 However, it was not until 1988 that ...

Nonorganic vision loss (NOVL) or functional vision loss (FVL) is the presence of abnormal vision, or visual fields, without an organic pathology, despite a thorough and comprehensive evaluation. The symptoms will be inconsistent with the results of an objective examination.1–3 ...

As the percentage of elderly people that make up the population of the USA grows, it is imperative to shift our focus on how to best address their needs and outline an approach to the geriatric eye. This review describes ...

The term amblyopia, derived from the Greek words α’µβλυ’ς (weak) and ω˛″ψ (eye), is defined as a unilateral (or, less commonly, bilateral) reduction of visual acuity as a result of inadequate visual experience during early life, which leads to a disruption of ...

The Parkinson sign is classically described as a sixth nerve palsy and an ipsilateral Horner syndrome that localizes to the cavernous sinus. 1,2 The localizing value of any afferent and efferent (e.g., Horner syndrome) pupillary finding with an ipsilateral ocular ...

Proceedings of the inaugural European LHON Forum Meeting, held in Frankfurt, Germany Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy – the biology behind this deceptively complex disease In the first plenary session co-chaired by Prof Valerio Carelli and Dr Catherine Vignal-Clermont, the pathophysiology, ...

Diplopia from comitant ocular deviations is a relatively common clinical presentation. On examination, the presence of a ductional deficit is suggestive of neuromuscular or neurogenic etiology. Without this deficit, the cause is usually attributed to the breakdown of previously well-controlled ...

Examination A 10-year-old Indian male with short stature and skeletal deformities presented. Height 120 cm; blood pressure normal. There were multiple café au lait spots of more than 5 mm on the thorax, abdomen, and back skin (see Figure 1). Axillary and inguinal ...

Optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) is a surgical procedure used by ophthalmologists—particularly neuro-ophthalmologists and orbital specialists—to reduce the pressure within the subarachnoid space (SAS) of the optic nerve. The first notation of ONSF dates back to 1872 when it ...

Optic neuritis (ON) is an acute inflammatory condition affecting the optic nerve in young adults predominantly.1–4 It is caused by idiopathic inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve, although there is also evidence of axonal loss.4,5 Its incidence amounts to 1–5 per 100,000 ...

The optic nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is composed of approximately 1.2 million axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGC axons course through the nerve fiber layer (NFL) to the optic ...