US OPHTHALMIC REVIEW – VOLUME 7 ISSUE 2 – FALL 2014

As one reads through the Table of Contents for this issue of US Ophthalmic Review, it is striking to reflect on the remarkable advances that our profession has seen in the past few years. From the first article that highlights the extraordinary precision of femtosecond laser technology for cataract surgery to the final article, which […]

Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Between 2000 and 2020, the number of people aged 65 or over is projected to increase from 425 million to 677 million worldwide.1 This is likely to be accompanied by a corresponding increase in the incidence of cataracts and it has been estimated […]

Since the introduction of ultrasound phacoemulsification in 1967, cataract surgery has become the most commonly performed outpatient operation in the US. While phacoemulsification has shown to be safe and effective, application of ultrasound power within the eye does carry some risk for ocular injury, such as endothelial cell loss. In addition, the manual method of […]

Dislocation of lens fragments into the vitreous cavity is a rare, but potentially serious, complication of cataract surgery. Retained lens fragments (RLF) can result in a severe inflammatory reaction leading to significant vision threatening complications, including cystoid macular edema (CME), glaucoma, uveitis, and corneal edema. Proper timing of either medical or surgical management is crucial […]

The benefits that patients expect from cataract surgery have increased with time. For many patients a better quality of life depends on higher spectacle independence. Ideally, we would provide them with perfect vision at all distances, in all lighting conditions, and without dysphotopsia or any impact on quality of vision. Even though we are getting […]

Dry Eye Classification The arena of dry eye disease (DED) has become its own area of expertise, requiring a thorough knowledge of the etiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic options and approaches in order to achieve a pristine ocular surface. There are various reports indicating that up to 25–30 million Americans suffer from dry eye, with at […]

There is now an increased recognition by clinicians that dry eye disease (DED) is a common disorder characterised by dryness and damage of the ocular surface. It affects quality of life, including aspects of physical, social and psychological functioning, because it induces ocular discomfort, burning sensation, light sensitivity, visual disturbances or even corneal erosions and […]

The principles of wavefront optics from optical engineering have been adapted for use in measuring irregularities in the refractive power of the eye. These variations, which occur over the entrance pupil, are collectively called aberrations and are measured with a wavefront sensor. Wavefront technology applied to ophthalmology represents a paradigm shift in the way optical […]

Patient demand for spectacle independence is growing. The advances in laser and non-laser technology have allowed ophthalmologists to offer their patients the freedom to choose between depending on their glasses, or to go spectacle free. Presbyopia, defined as the age-related loss of the ability to clearly accommodate onto near objects, has become the last frontier […]

Cost-effectiveness in the Treatment of Glaucoma Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the standard treatment of glaucoma. Its effectiveness in halting glaucomatous progression in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG),1–3 ocular hypertension (OHT),4 and normal tension glaucoma (NTG)5,6 was confirmed by various randomized control trials (RTCs), whether by medication, laser treatment, or surgery. Management of primary angle […]

A number of risk factors are associated with the causation of glaucoma. Among them, intra-ocular pressure (IOP) is an established risk factor and also one of the few factors that can be modulated to control glaucoma. The maintenance of IOP in a steady state is largely a function of aqueous humor (AH) dynamics. This is […]

Case Report An 18-year-old male presented to us with a 6-month history of slowly enlarging, painless mass in his right upper lid resulting in progressive ptosis. Ocular examination was suggestive of a firm, nontender nodule 2 × 1 × 1 cm in size on the left upper lid. The mass was nonadherent to the skin […]

Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammation of the interior of the eye caused by the introduction of contaminating micro-organisms following trauma, surgery, or hematogenous spread from a distant infection site. It may be categorized by clinical course (acute versus chronic), by etiology (infectious versus non-infectious), by the route the causative agent enters the globe (exogenous versus […]

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive, noncurable disease primarily affecting the elderly. In addition to age the most important single contributing factor to the condition is an individual’s genetic makeup. As with many diseases, genetic predisposition greatly increases the likelihood of developing the syndrome. This disease may manifest itself in families, not unlike cancer […]