EUROPEAN OPHTHALMIC REVIEW – VOLUME 6 ISSUE 4 – WINTER 2012

Both the ageing process and diabetes promote changes on the human retina, although not always visible through the regular eye fundus examination. The authors’ research group has been focused on imaging changes within the human retina of diabetic patients aiming for better characterisation and on detection at the very early stages even when these cannot […]

Asymptomatic Myopic Macular Hole Secondary macular hole (MH) can occur in eyes with high myopia and the characteristics and demographics of these MHs differ from those of most idiopathic holes. Myopic MHs tend to develop in younger subjects and may be associated with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surrounding the hole.1 The mean age of patients […]

The treatment of glaucoma in childhood is primarily surgical. The goniotomy is considered the procedure of choice in primary congenital glaucoma,1 but in secondary glaucoma and after failed angle surgery, other procedures should be considered. Among these the glaucoma drainage devices (GDD). The Molteno single-plate was the GDD used in children for the first time […]

The explosion of Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) surgery over the last 10 years has revolutionised the field of cornea and ocular surface disease. Options for patients with severe inflammation of the corneal and conjunctival surface were limited prior to the development of the KPro surgical technique by Dohlman et al.1 The Type 1 KPro, which is […]

Cataract and glaucoma are the two leading causes of blindness worldwide and frequently co-exist in the ageing population. Adequate management of these two conditions may require surgical intervention. In general, cataract extraction is necessary in case of visually significant lens opacity, while surgery for glaucoma is indicated when optimum medical therapy and/or laser surgery fails […]

Abstract Visual field (VF) testing is currently the most useful technique in both confirming diagnosis and monitoring patients during the follow-up of chronic glaucoma. Relative paracentral scotomas and nasal steps are usually the earliest signs of glaucomatous functional damage. VF damage severity can be assessed by various classification systems, like the Hodapp et al. and […]

In 1945, Wald reported that the macula lutea of humans and certain other primates contains a yellow pigment and suggested that this macular pigment (MP) was a carotenoid. By analysing the spectral sensitivity of the human foveal and peripheral photoreceptors, he estimated the light absorbed/transmitted by the macular pigment, and used the term macular pigment […]

Cataract removal is one of the most commonly performed surgeries and in recent years has benefited from advances in technique, lens design and instrumentation.1 Phacoemulsification surgery via small incisions and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens (IOL) is an effective procedure, and provides good visual outcomes.2–5 Post-operative complications of cataract surgery however, may occur, including […]

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among patients 20 to 70 years old in developed countries. Diabetic macular edema (DME) can develop at any stage of diabetic retinopathy and is a major cause of preventable vision loss. It is also a public health concern, given the increasing prevalence of diabetes.1–3 A recent pooled […]

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible central vision loss and legal blindness in developed countries.1–3 AMD represents a chronic disease with various phenotypic manifestations, disease stages and rates of progression over time. Severe vision loss results from choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), pigment epithelial detachment, or geographic atrophy (GA) of the retinal […]