The role of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has evolved. Following advances in cataract surgery, surgical aphakia is becoming uncommon, and secondary IOL implantation is now most commonly performed as part of an IOL exchange procedure. A number of techniques and IOLs are available for secondary IOL implantation, and debate persists regarding which methods are best for eyes lacking sufficient capsular support. It is therefore important to consider specific techniques, choice of IOL, sutures, and medication regimens, in order to tailor the approach to the individual patient. In an expert interview, Marjan Farid of Gavin Herbert Eye Institute discusses the optimal use of some of the most widely used techniques.
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of iris fixation suture lens implantation in aphakic eyes?
The main advantages to iris-fixated IOLs as a secondary lens option are that they can be performed through a small cataract-sized clear corneal incision and do not require conjunctival or scleral surgery. Standard foldable three-piece IOLs are the preferred lens option in these cases as one-piece acrylic IOLs cannot be used for iris fixation, since they can cause iris chafing. This technique does, however, require normal iris anatomy. The disadvantages to this technique are the potential for pupil ovaling if the sutures are not placed peripheral enough. Furthermore, since manipulation of the iris is required, the risk of uveal irritation and cystoid macular edema (CME) are present.
Q: What surgical techniques can minimize complications in the implantation of iris fixation suture lenses?
In order to perform iris-fixated IOLs, certain instrumentation is required and will greatly improve the chances of success. A set of hooks to manipulate the IOL and iris (such as Lester or Kuglen hooks), small incision forceps and scissors, and a heavy molecular weight viscoelastic are essential. A combined cohesive and dispersive ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) is my preferred viscoelastic for these cases as it provides excellent endothelial protection, pushes the iris down and drapes it over the haptic well, and is easy to wash out at the end of the case. A 10-0 prolene suture on a long curved CTC needle is used to hook and capture the iris/haptic as peripheral as possible to minimize pupil ovaling, and a Siepser knot technique will create a tight fixation of the iris to the haptic.
Q: In what situations should intrascleral fixation of posterior chamber IOL be considered?
In cases where there is poor iris anatomy or absolutely no capsular remnants to support the IOL during the manipulation required for iris fixation, I will choose to perform a scleral fixated secondary IOL technique. In most cases, a trans-scleral tunnel glue-fixated posterior chamber IOL will be the preferred method as this method too can be performed through a small clear corneal incision.
Q: When should an anterior chamber lens be considered? In cases where the patient’s age is high and there is absolutely no evidence of corneal compromise or decline, a well-fitted anterior chamber IOL can provide excellent outcomes.
