Eccrine spiradenoma are benign tumors of the skin found at the site of eccrine sweat glands. Lesions usually present as solitary, varied-colored, 1 cm diameter nodules. A review of the literature revealed that only a few cases of eyelid spiradenoma have been reported.1–5 In this article, we describe a case of solitary eccrine spiradenoma of the eyelid.
Literature Review
Eccrine spiradenoma are benign adnexal neoplasms that have been historically designated as a tumor of eccrine differentiation, although current reconsideration indicates an apocrine process. It usually presents on the trunk and extremities as a tender dermal or subcutaneous papule or nodule frequently with a pink or blue hue. The clinical picture is often not distinct and biopsy is required for diagnosis. Eccrine spiradenoma can present in a variety of ways, including as tumors arranged in zosteriform/ dermatomal and/or blaschkoid distributions, often precluding a straightforward diagnosis. Sweat glands present in two ways: eccrine and apocrine. In the eyelid, eccrine sweat glands are present in both the lid margin and in the dermis over the surface of the eyelid. They were first described by Kerstin and Helwig.4 Eccrine spiradenoma are solitary, deepseated nodules, covered by normal appearing skin. They are the rarest of eyelid adnexal lesions.6 Spiradenoma are usually benign, but proper diagnosis of eccrine spiradenoma is important due to the occurrence of potentially life-threatening malignant transformation.
We reviewed the literature extensively and found that only three cases have been reported so far. All reported cases were females and age ranged from 23 to 60 years (see Table 1).
Case Report
A 73-year-old man presented with growth on left upper eyelid that had developed gradually over the past 12 years. He had complaint of mild pain in the swelling over the previous few days. On examination the growth was lying on the lateral one-third part of the lid, measured 11 mm × 9 mm, was moderately firm in consistency, and multilobulated (see Figure 1).
The rest of the ophthalmic and systemic examination was insignificant. No lymph nodes were palpable. When considering the long duration of presentation and absence of keratinisation and pigmentation we made a clinical diagnosis of benign sweat gland tumor. With written, informed consent, surgical excision of the growth was planned.
Excision was carried out under local anesthesia in a pentagon fashion with clear margins. The resulting defect involved the lateral onethird part of the lid so it was sutured with silk 4-0 for tarsal plate and 6-0 for skin. The postoperative appearance was of minimal ptosis, which improved with time (see Figure 2). The growth was sent for histopathologic examination.
Gross Examination
The tumor was a solitary nodule 2.0 x 1.1 x 0.8 cm in size. The consistency was firm and its appearance after cross section was grayish-white.
Microscopic Examination
Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) sections revealed epidermis with underlying tumor showing round nodules of basaloid cells. The nodules also revealed some pale cells with vesicular nuclei. Pseudo rosettes with central basement material were present.
Discussion
There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine. In the eyelid, eccrine sweat glands are present in both the lid margin and in the dermis over the surface of the eyelid. Eccrine spiradenoma are the rarest of eyelid adnexal lesions.5 They are solitary, deep-seated nodules, covered by normal appearing skin. Spiradenoma are usually benign and mostly appear between 15 and 35 years of age. It generally appears between 15 to 35 years of age. No sexual predilection has been reported. About five cases have been reported on eyelid. In India, Ahluwalia et al. reported solitary eyelid spiradenoma in 1986.1 Noto and co-workers reported linear spiradenoma arising in medial canthus and cheek.7 Gupta et al. reported a 23-year-old woman with linear facial spiradenoma and coexistent eyelid spiradenoma.3 There have been some reports of malignant transformation of spiradenoma.7 Histopathologically a connective tissue often surrounds lobulated to multilobulated lesion. The lobules consist of basophilic cells arranged in rosettes. Cells with dark nuclei and larger lighter staining nuclei are present.8 Cylindromas should be mentioned as differential diagnosis of spiradenoma. Spiroadenomas can also coexist in the same lesion as cylindromas. In cylindromas, basoloid cells are arranged in ‘islands’ that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle, rather than in ‘rosettes’ as in eccrine spiradenomas.5 The mainstay of treatment is surgical removal. The lesion does not usually recur after excision. Radiation, chemotherapy, and hyperthermic limb perfusion chemotherapy have been carried out in malignant spiradenomas.
In terms of our report, eccrine spiradenomas should be kept in mind when considering the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumors. Among the rare reported cases of eccrine spiradenomas of the eyelid, two have been reported from India. Our case is the third reported case from India.
