Contrast sensitivity (CS), which is an important element of functional vision, helps in differentiating an object from its background. CS affects several aspects of vision, such as acuity, dark adaptation, visual field, motion detection and pattern recognition.1 A decline in ...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of irreversible vision loss in ageing populations worldwide.1 In 2019, the US recorded 1.49 million people aged 40 years or older with late-stage AMD, reflecting a crude prevalence rate of 0.94%.2 Geographic atrophy (GA), ...
Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) caused by the loss of photoreceptors and characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination. Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common group of IRD. It was a pleasure to speak with ...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by age-associated thinning of the macula and formation of drusen. It has substantial global prevalence, especially in the older population, and it is the primary cause of permanent loss of vision in individuals 50 years ...
Optical lens filtration therapy began with FL-41 lenses that were developed in the late 1980s and first reported in 1991 by Wilkins and Wilkinson.1 They were originally designed to improve workplace productivity by reducing eye strain and headaches induced by fluorescent ...
Diplopia from comitant ocular deviations is a relatively common clinical presentation. On examination, the presence of a ductional deficit is suggestive of neuromuscular or neurogenic etiology. Without this deficit, the cause is usually attributed to the breakdown of previously well-controlled ...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness and its prevalence increases with age.1 There are two forms of AMD: dry (nonexudative) and wet (exudative). Dry AMD is the more common, accounting for around 90% of all cases, with 10% ...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness and is becoming a global crisis as its incidence is increasing; it has been estimated that 288 million people will be affected by 2040.1 A characteristic feature of AMD is the permanent ...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, progressive degenerative disease with subsequent reduction in visual acuity. The disease is the foremost cause of visual impairment in the elderly.1,2 The most recent data from Europe indicate that the prevalence of AMD ...
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) are genetic disorders characterised by variable, albeit progressive degeneration of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris (CC).1,2 Prevalence varies in different countries, affecting approximately 1 in 4,000 individuals, with symptoms including poor peripheral or night vision, ...
Choroidal malignant melanoma (CMM) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults. Significant risk factors for CMM include eyes with light-colored irises, such as green, blue, or gray; fair skin, cutaneous nevus and iris nevus, Caucasian ethnicity, and ...
Authored by Vanessa Lane, PhD, Senior Medical Writer, Touch Medical Media, UK Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) affects around 1–12% of diabetic patients,1 and is defined as retinal thickening involving or approaching the centre of the macula.2 It represents the most common ...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide and the primary leading cause of vision loss in the Western world. Its prevalence is expected to increase as a consequence of an aging population, such that it ...
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a very useful non-invasive imaging method which is used in the diagnosis and follow-up of various retinal and choroidal diseases involving macular region.1–3 In 2014, at International Nomenclature OCT (INOCT) Panel, Staurenghi et al.4 ...
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal dystrophy characterised with the progressive loss of photoreceptors.1,2 Night blindness together with the peripheral visual field loss is the most prominent clinical feature.1,2 Central vision is relatively spared up to the later stages ...
Many important eye diseases manifest themselves in the retina, one of the most prevalent of these is diabetic macular oedema. Retinal imaging and image analysis have developed rapidly over the past 10 years, and image analysis is starting to play an ...
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness worldwide among patients aged 20–74.1 Among eyes with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema (DME) accounts for a significant proportion of vision loss and associated morbidity,2,3 and the reported incidence is quite high, occuring ...
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