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The uvea is a vascular stratum that includes the iris, ciliary body and choroid. Uveitis is defined as inflammation of a part of the uvea or its entirety, but it is also used to describe inflammatory processes of any part of the eye, such as the vitreous or peripheral retina. The clinical taxonomy of uveitis […]

Retinal pharmacotherapy encompasses various drug delivery routes that offer potential avenues for effective treatment (Figure 1). Among these, intravitreal injections have emerged as the predominant method employed in clinical practice.1 They have established themselves as the primary approach for administering anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, serving as the frontline treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration […]

Corticosteroids are the best choice for treating various ocular conditions affecting the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.1 Currently, different routes are available for ocular administration of corticosteroids. Topical application to the eye is the route of choice when targeting diseases affecting the ocular surface and anterior segment, whereas posterior segment conditions may require periocular, […]

Uveitis consists of a wide array of inflammatory disorders of the uveal tract and surrounding structures, which may lead to irreversible ocular damage and lasting visual impairment if not appropriately treated in a timely manner. As the fifth most common cause of vision loss in the developed world, uveitis accounts for 3–10% of legal blindness […]

Mathew MacCumber (Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago) provides seom updates from the DCRC Retina Protocls including the findings from Protocol V. Questions: 1. What have been the most important developments in DME in the last year? 2. What is the current standard of care for patients with centre-involved DME with good vision? 3. Could you […]

Uveitis comprises a range of intraocular inflammatory conditions of both infectious and non-infectious origin that can result in irreversible ocular damage and impaired vision or blindness.1 Effective management is therefore vitally important to prevent ocular damage and preserve visual acuity and quality of life.1–3 Therapeutic management of uveitis is dictated by etiology and anatomic location.1 […]

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause infections worldwide, with potentially serious health consequences,1 although the majority of such infections involve resistance to systemically administered antibiotics used in the treatment of systemic infections. The first case of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was reported in 1961, and was an uncommon finding until the 1990s when community-acquired MRSA became […]

The main risk factor for glaucoma damage is an intraocular pressure (IOP) above an undeterminable threshold value for an individual patient. The IOP is not constant but is subject to multiple physiological and pathological fluctuations. These can vary in magnitude and duration, for example, the pulsation of retinal vessels, Valsalva manoeuvre, changes from upright to […]

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of glaucomatous neuropathy.1–3 Thus, treatment options focus mainly on IOP lowering to prevent or slower worsening of the disease. Furthermore, previous clinical trials have demonstrated the need of additional levels of IOP reduction the more advanced the stage of the disease.1,4–6 […]