EUROPEAN OPHTHALMIC REVIEW – VOLUME 6 ISSUE 5 – WINTER 2012

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Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammation of the interior of the eye caused by the introduction of contaminating micro-organisms following trauma, surgery or haematogenous spread from a distant infection site. Despite appropriate therapeutic intervention, bacterial endophthalmitis frequently results in visual loss, if not loss of the eye itself. The two types of endophthalmitis are endogenous (metastatic) […]

Abstract In recent years, an increased understanding of intraocular pressure (IOP) has facilitated advances in surgical techniques in the treatment of glaucoma. Although trabeculectomy has been the gold standard of glaucoma surgery for over four decades, new devices have recently

Abstract The use of glaucoma medications containing the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is associated with a number of ocular symptoms including ocular surface disease and dry eye syndrome. These are debilitating conditions and current strategies of therapeutic escalation

Abstract Clinical discrimination between myopic tilted optic discs and glaucomatous optic neuropathy is often challenging, especially when

Abstract An individuals’ reaction to a specific drug is influenced by various factors including environmental, systemic and genetic factors. In most cases the reactions of a group of individuals are of the Gaussian type with non- to low responders at the lower end of the curve and high- to ultra-high responders at the upper end […]

Abstract Femtolasers were recently introduced into the surgery of the crystalline lens after having great success in corneal surgery. The most important indications and features are: perfectly centred and sized capsulotomy, liquefaction of softer lenses, fragmentation of harder lenses to help chopping of the cataractous lens without phaco energy, and lastly to create corneal wound […]

Abstract Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is a primary cause of reduced vision after cataract surgery even after uneventful surgery. The incidence of clinical CMO following modern cataract surgery is 1.0–2.0 % but the high number of surgeries performed worldwide makes this entity an important problem. Pre-existing conditions such as diabetes and intra-operative complications increase the risk […]

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in stimulating the growth of pathological subretinal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). The increased production of VEGF and subsequent CNV formation can occur in degenerative, inflammatoryand vascular diseases of the retina and choroid, often leading to severe visual impairment. Anti-VEGF agents which are readily available today are […]

Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among the elderly in developed countries. Much progress has been and continues to be made in search of better visual outcomes for dry and exudative AMD. Over the past decade, the importance