Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition that can lead to significant visual impairment, facial disfigurement and decreased quality of life. It affects 16 out of every 100,000 females and 2.9 out of every 100,000 males. Risk factors for TED include age, female ...
An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball, beyond the boundaries of the bony orbit, is termed ‘proptosis’. A similar appearance, seen in endocrine dysfunction, especially thyroid disorders, is called ‘exophthalmos’. These conditions are frequently encountered in clinical practice, and for students, ...
Orbital inflammation can result from a number of inflammatory conditions including dacryoadenitis, myositis, cellulitis, optic perineuritis, periscleritis, orbital apicitis, thyroid eye disease (TED), and a focal mass.1 It may present as acute, subacute, or chronic disease and has a wide ...
Oculoplastic surgeons are often faced with the diagnostic dilemma of abnormal tissues within the orbit and adnexal structures. In many cases, the associated signs, symptoms and radiological appearances allow a tentative differential diagnosis to be formulated. However, most often, diagnostic ...
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